Gospel of John: Woman at the Well

Woman at the Well

text: John chapter 4

Outline:

A. 4:1-6, Geography remark on the reasons to go through Samaria to Galilee

  B. 4:7-26, Conversation with Samaritan woman at the well about Christ

    C. 4:27-38, Food discussion with the disciples

  B'. 4:39-45, Samaritans believe “for themselves”

A'. 4:46-54, Jesus comes to Galilee, healing of a boy.

Comments: This is one of the most complicated chapters in the Gospel of John. There are few pairs of tensions: Jews vs. Samaritans; man vs woman; wells vs mountains; faith of Samaritans vs Ministry in Cana. Let us walk through the chapter to see the beauty of the Gospel.

Woman at the well. There is a symbolic level of this story. We have at least three stories in the Books of Genesis and Exodus when a man meets with a bride at a well. Abraham sent a servant to find a wife for Isaac, and he meets Rebekah by the well (Genesis 24:11-15). Jacob meets Rachel by the well (Genesis 29:9-10). Moses meets his wife by the well (Exodus 2:17-17).

Add to this – Jesus became the seventh man in the life of the woman. She was married five times, now there is another (sixth) man, then comes Jesus – the man of Sabbath. He gives her rest. To understand it we should note that she comes to fetch the water at noon – she preferred the heat of the sun vs. heat of the remarks of the local women. But at the end of the story she runs to the city and – what is very important – people believe her and take words respectfully.

Wells turned into mountains. What began at the well under the blazing sun turned into a conversation about the mountains. From one of the lowest places they shift the attention of their dialog to the highest. And Jesus leads her to the ultimate understanding – the point is not for US to climb a mountain, the point is to meet with the Father, who is actively seeking the worshipers in the Spirit and the truth through Jesus the Messiah (John 4:23-26, cp. John 14:6).

Evangelism “questions” of Jesus. To bring her to this realization Jesus leads the woman through the maze of question. He starts with a simple proposition – asking for the water. John explains it in the most obvious way – disciples are gone and He wanted her to help Him. She could've simple give Him a drink – and that would be the end of the story. Yet, she is a smart and a curious woman. She engages in a conversation. Every request, question, or statement Jesus makes has an open-ended character. She could stop Him at any given point – being upset, or offended, or... fill the blank... But she doesn't end until Jesus reveals Himself as the Messiah. This news frees her to rush to her hometown, sharing this Good News or the Gospel (John 4:29-30).

After two days the people of Samaria, Jesus leaves (on the third day). Two things worthy to be noted here: first, their personal encounter of Jesus (John 4:42); second, the faith of Samaritans vs the rejection of the Pharisees (cp. John 4:1).

Food as doing God's will. While she is gone and the people of Samaria didn't come yet, the disciples got an important lesson, a lesson on the food from God. When we think about the food – it is something that we eat. We eat to get “fuel,” for pleasure, for the joy of fellowship. All of this three aspects of food are given in Jesus' statement about doing the will of the Father (John 4:34). Then the Father prescribes the actions to do – they feed us, as the sacrament of the Altar.

Son of Capernaum official is healed at Cana. The distance between Cana and Capernaum is about 20 miles – a day of travel. The official came to Cana to meet Jesus, as the healer. There is a short conversation between them, where Jesus tries to point him toward faith, believing in the Son of God (John 4:48). But it doesn't look like the man is interested in Jesus as the savior – he simply wants his son to be healed. And what is interesting, is Jesus grants him his request. Son will be healed, but nothing else.

This shows Jesus as a compassionate Savior of the world – He responds to people's requests (not always grants all of them), but He never forces people to relate to Him. He man was looking for son's wellness, and nothing else. Jesus grants his request, which leads to man's realization that Jesus didn't requires anything in return, healing his son immediately by His mighty Word. This resulted in faith of the man and his [whole] household (John 4:53).

This sign-faith connection is going to be expanded when Jesus will address Thomas – blessed are those who didn't see but believed (John 20:29), speaking about us. We believe because of the Word reviled in the Bible and the Sacraments (AC V:2). This faith gives us the reason to ask and pray to the LORD for the health, help, and support of our loved ones and ourselves.

Psalm 14

Psalm 14

We continue to read the difficult psalms. They are difficult not because it is hard to understand them, but because they describe a difficult situation ‘till the last moment it is not obvious that GOOD will prevail.

Here is another, and I can say – the ultimate example.

It begins with a very straight statement: the Fool says in his heart – there is no God. Since the rest of the psalm is a farther description of the foolishness, we need to spend time on understanding the basics of it.

The word for Fool – Hebrew NaBaL – comes from a verb to fade, to fade away. It is a person who does not have own strength, he is falling down, and faints… Therefore, his decisions are not “solid,” there is not real substance in what he says or does. He is not even will to admit openly his rejection of a presence of God. He says it in his heart. At the same time, we need to remember that a heart of man is a decision-making organ. So, his plans and their execution is based on the fact that he doesn’t recognize any higher power over him. It comes from the usage of the word God in the Bible.  

Very often Christian make a little mistake thinking that God refers only to the one true God. Bible uses the same word speaking of false deities and even humans. At one time the LORD told Moses that he – Moses – is going to be god for pharaoh, and his brother Aaron will be his prophet (Exodus 7:1, note: there is no “like” in the original text). The word God in the Bible can identify any power stronger than us. Since the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit is definitely stronger than us – he is the God.

That’s the reason to point out the foolishness of a wicked man – he thinks that he is the ultimate power in this world. He “relies” on himself only.

If a person believes that he is the ultimate authority in his own life (and, as a result of absence of God, in the life of others), no wonder that his life goes south… vv. 1a – 4 pictures a terrible situation of moral collapse in society. This can happen when most people are under the spell of atheism. These verses became the background for St. Paul list of biblical proof-texts for the dominance of sin in human life (Romans 3:10-23).

Yet, even being neglected, the LORD looks down from heaven. He is searching for a single person who has an understanding, who seeks after God (v. 2). Understanding here means to be prudent or wise. That’s how Samuel describes the actions of David and his “platoon” in comparison to Saul’s commanders (1 Samuel 18:30). God is looking constantly for the people who are going to worship Him in spirit and truth (John 4:23).

Rejection of God can not bring comfort to a soul – as a result, they are in terror. He is with the generation of the righteous. Meaning that He leaves the wicked on their own – they are in terror because the environment they create. Proverbs picking up the theme say that the wicked falls by his own wickedness (11:5b). Following that St. Paul concludes that God simply gives up the rebels against Him to their own lust and sins (Romans 1:22-25).

The wicked still tries to attack the poor. Poor can be both an economical, social and spiritual condition (Matthew 5:3). But Living One is the refuge for the afflicted. He is the provider, provider of financial and spiritual support and safety.

Seeing that, people can testify that salvation comes from Zion – the place of the fellowship between God and man (Isaiah 2:2-3).   

The psalm ends with a sobering reality – Jacob will rejoice, and Israel will be glad. This WILL happen when the LORD restores the fortunes of His people. What does it mean? It means that His people needed to be restored… They screwed up… So, the fool(s) is everyone of us when we think of ourselves to high [feeding our own pride], or too low [dismissing the image of God]. But God is the Living One – He generously gives live to the people who walked away from Him. He is the One who gives reason to rejoice and be glad.

Structure of the Gospel of John ch. 2 to 4

In the last couple of week we were dealing with passages from chapters 2 and 3. So, I thought it might be interesting for some of you to see a possible outline for the whole block: John 2 - 4. 

Noticing some parallelism in words, themes or chronological connections I ended up with this 9-parts chiastic structure: 

1. A. 2:1-12, Cana of Galilee   

2.   B. 2:13-23, Passover

3.     C. 2:24-3:21, Witness of men - Conversation with Nicodemus 

4.       D. 3:22-24, Baptisms  

5.         E. 3:25-36, John (the Baptizer) exalts Christ

6.       D', 4:1-3, Baptisms

7.     C. 4:4-42, Conversation with a woman of Samaria

8.   B'. 4:43-45, Historical reference to the feast (Passover)

9. A'. 4:46-54, Healing of a son in Cana of Galilee